Oracle sqlplus scripting

Перенаправление в файл

Для того что бы перенаправить вывод в файл есть специальное средство.

sqlplus -s $ConnectToOracle << EOF
SET HEAD OFF
SET LINESIZE 32767
SET LONG 32767
SET PAGESIZE 9999
SET longchunksize 32767
SET trimspool on
SET tab off
SET echo off
SET feedback off
SET recsep off
spool /tmp/tmp.subj.$$;
SELECT * FROM DUAL;
spool off;
EOF

Импорт и экспорт

exp  USERID=psa/PASSWORD@$ORACLE_SID FULL=N OWNER=ARADMIN FILE=./dev1-aradmin.dat LOG=./dev1-aradmin.LOG

Удаление тейблспейсов

DROP TABLESPACE tablespace_name [INCLUDING CONTENTS [AND DATAFILES]
      [CASCADE CONSTRAINTS]];

Например

SELECT * FROM 
dba_data_files
WHERE 
FILE_NAME like '%ARADMIN%';

DROP TABLESPACE ARSYSTEM;

Тест

drop tablespace arsystem including contents and datafiles cascade constraints
drop tablespace artmpspc  including contents and datafiles cascade constraints
drop user aradmin cascade
drop role ARADMINROLE

autoextend datafile

declare
cursor cur is
select 'alter database datafile  ''' || file_name || '''  autoextend on' as exe_query
   from dba_data_files
  where tablespace_name not in ( 'UNDOTBS1',  'SYSTEM', 'SYSAUX', 'USERS', 'TOOLS');
begin
    for cur_rec in cur loop
        dbms_output.put_line(cur_rec.exe_query);
        execute immediate(cur_rec.exe_query);
    end loop;
end;

Уменьшить размер файла

ALTER database datafile '/DBDATA5/oracle/data/GLD43U3O/u03/CMM_DB_DATA/CMM_DB_DATA.dbf' RESIZE 200M

Resizing Temporary Tablespace

by Jeff Hunter, Sr. Database Administrator
Contents

    * Introduction
    * Dropping / Recreating Temporary Tablespace Method
    * Drop Tempfile Command Method - (Oracle9i and higher)
    * About the Author

Introduction

In many database configurations, the DBA will choose to allow their temporary tablespace (actually the tempfile(s) for the temporary tablespace) to autoextend. A runaway query or sort can easily chew up valuable space on the disk as the tempfiles(s) extends to accommodate the request for space. If the increase in size of the temporary tablespace (the tempfiles) gets exceedingly large because of a particular anomaly, the DBA will often want to resize the temporary tablespace to a more reasonable size in order to reclaim that extra space. The obvious action would be to resize the tempfiles using the following statement:


SQL> alter database tempfile '/u02/oradata/TESTDB/temp01.dbf' resize 250M;
alter database tempfile '/u02/oradata/TESTDB/temp01.dbf' resize 250M
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-03297: file contains used data beyond requested RESIZE value

Ouch. You next bounce the database and attempt the same statement only to be greeted with the same error!

Several methods exist to reclaim the used space used for a larger than normal temporary tablespace depending on which release of Oracle you are running. The method that exists for all releases of Oracle is to simply drop and recreate the temporary tablespace back to its original (or another reasonable) size. If you are using Oracle9i or higher, you can apply another method which is to drop the large tempfile (which will drop the tempfile from the data dictionary AND the O/S file system) using the alter database tempfile '<tempfile name>' drop including datafiles; command.

Each method is explained below.
Dropping / Recreating Temporary Tablespace Method

Keep in mind that the procedures documented here for dropping and recreating your temporary tablespace should be performed during off hours with no users logged on performing work.

If you are working with a temporary tablespace in Oracle8i or a temporary tablespace in Oracle9i that is NOT the default temporary tablespace for the database, this process is straight forward. Simply drop and recreate the temporary tablespace:


SQL> DROP TABLESPACE temp;

Tablespace dropped.

SQL> CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP
  2  TEMPFILE '/u02/oradata/TESTDB/temp01.dbf' SIZE 500M REUSE
  3  AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 100M MAXSIZE unlimited
  4  EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL UNIFORM SIZE 1M;

Tablespace created.

Oracle9i Default Temporary Tablespace

The procedures above document how to drop a temporary tablespace that is not the default temporary tablespace for the database. You will know fairly quickly if the tablespace is a default temporary tablespace when you are greeted with the following exception:


SQL> DROP TABLESPACE temp;
drop tablespace temp
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-12906: cannot drop default temporary tablespace

In cases where the temporary tablespace you want to resize (using the drop/recreate method) is the default temporary tablespace for the database, you have several more steps to perform, all documented below. The first step you need to perform is create another temporary tablespace (lets call it TEMP2). The next step would be to remove the temporary tablespace you want to resize from being the default temporary tablespace (in our example, this will be a tablespace named TEMP) by making TEMP2 the default. Drop / recreate the TEMP tablespace to the size you want. Finally, make the newly created TEMP tablespace your default temporary tablespace for the database and drop the TEMP2 tablespace. A full example session is provided below:


SQL> CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE temp2
  2  TEMPFILE '/u02/oradata/TESTDB/temp2_01.dbf' SIZE 5M REUSE
  3  AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 1M MAXSIZE unlimited
  4  EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL UNIFORM SIZE 1M;

Tablespace created.


SQL> ALTER DATABASE DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE temp2;

Database altered.


SQL> DROP TABLESPACE temp INCLUDING CONTENTS AND DATAFILES;

Tablespace dropped.

SQL> CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE temp
  2  TEMPFILE '/u02/oradata/TESTDB/temp01.dbf' SIZE 500M REUSE
  3  AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 100M MAXSIZE unlimited
  4  EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL UNIFORM SIZE 1M;

Tablespace created.


SQL> ALTER DATABASE DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE temp;

Database altered.


SQL> DROP TABLESPACE temp2 INCLUDING CONTENTS AND DATAFILES;

Tablespace dropped.

Drop Tempfile Command Method - (Oracle9i and higher)

If you are using Oracle9i or higher, another method exists that allows you to simply drop a tempfile. As with the above method, this should be performed during off hours with no users logged on performing work.

The first step is to obtain the name of the tempfile to drop. For this example, my temporary tablespace name is TEMP and the name of the tempfile is /u02/oradata/TESTDB/temp2_01.dbf:


SQL> SELECT tablespace_name, file_name, bytes
  2  FROM dba_temp_files WHERE tablespace_name = 'TEMP';

TABLESPACE_NAME   FILE_NAME                                 BYTES
----------------- -------------------------------- --------------
TEMP              /u02/oradata/TESTDB/temp01.dbf   13,107,200,000

The normal size of my temporary tablespace is 512MB which has always been more than adequate for this environment. A bad query, however, increased the size of this tablespace (my tempfile) to over 13GB and I would like to reclaim that space. In the example below, I simply drop and recreate the tempfile:


SQL> ALTER DATABASE TEMPFILE '/u02/oradata/TESTDB/temp01.dbf' DROP INCLUDING DATAFILES;

Database altered.


SQL> ALTER TABLESPACE temp ADD TEMPFILE '/u02/oradata/TESTDB/temp01.dbf' SIZE 512m
  2  AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 250m MAXSIZE UNLIMITED;

Tablespace altered.

  	

On some platforms (i.e. Windows 2000), it is possible for the tempfile to be deleted from DBA_TEMP_FILES but not from the file system.

If this occurs, simply delete the file using regular O/S commands.


SQL> SELECT tablespace_name, file_name, bytes
  2  FROM dba_temp_files WHERE tablespace_name = 'TEMP';

TABLESPACE_NAME   FILE_NAME                                 BYTES
----------------- -------------------------------- --------------
TEMP              /u02/oradata/TESTDB/temp01.dbf      536,870,912

  	

If users are currently accessing the tempfile you are attempting to drop, you may receive the following error:

SQL> ALTER DATABASE TEMPFILE '/u02/oradata/TESTDB/temp01.dbf' DROP INCLUDING DATAFILES;
ALTER DATABASE TEMPFILE '/u02/oradata/TESTDB/temp01.dbf' DROP INCLUDING DATAFILES
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-25152: TEMPFILE cannot be dropped at this time

As for the poor users who were using the tempfile, their transaction will end and will be greeted with the following error message:

SQL> @testTemp.sql
join dba_extents  c on (b.segment_name = c.segment_name)
*
ERROR at line 4:
ORA-00372: file 601 cannot be modified at this time
ORA-01110: data file 601: '/u02/oradata/TESTDB/temp01.dbf'
ORA-00372: file 601 cannot be modified at this time
ORA-01110: data file 601: '/u02/oradata/TESTDB/temp01.dbf'

If this happens, you should attempt to drop the tempfile again so the operation is successful:

SQL> ALTER DATABASE TEMPFILE '/u02/oradata/TESTDB/temp01.dbf' DROP INCLUDING DATAFILES;

Database altered.