Udev

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udev

Использование подсистемы udev в Gentoo

Захотелось сделать как обычно - автомонтирование фотоаппарата. телефона и флешек, причем в разные mount point. Второе - пробрасывать определенные устройства внутрь виртуальных машин.

Общие правила

  • Udev считывает файлы из /etc/udev/rules.d в алфавитном порядке.
  • Найдя первое подходящее правило для устройства, udev прекращает дальнейший поиск.

Автомониирование

Подключаю устройство (в моем случае это телефон, флешка в котором видиться как диск) 

13:35:03-root@sirmax:~#dmesg  |  tail
[6050777.245910] scsi 21:0:0:0: Direct-Access                                    PQ: 0 ANSI: 0
[6050777.246123] sd 21:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg6 type 0
[6050777.395654] sd 21:0:0:0: [sdf] 15572992 512-byte logical blocks: (7.97 GB/7.42 GiB)
[6050777.445663] sd 21:0:0:0: [sdf] Write Protect is off
[6050777.445669] sd 21:0:0:0: [sdf] Mode Sense: 00 06 00 00
[6050777.445672] sd 21:0:0:0: [sdf] Assuming drive cache: write through
[6050777.493599] sd 21:0:0:0: [sdf] Assuming drive cache: write through
[6050777.498359]  sdf: sdf1
[6050777.508225] sd 21:0:0:0: [sdf] Assuming drive cache: write through
[6050777.508231] sd 21:0:0:0: [sdf] Attached SCSI removable disk

Определить всю информацию о устройстве: 

13:32:56-root@sirmax:~#udevadm info -a  --name=sdf

Udevadm info starts with the device specified by the devpath and then
walks up the chain of parent devices. It prints for every device
found, all possible attributes in the udev rules key format.
A rule to match, can be composed by the attributes of the device
and the attributes from one single parent device.

  looking at device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:0b.1/usb2/2-3/2-3.2/2-3.2:1.0/host21/target21:0:0/21:0:0:0/block/sdf':
    KERNEL=="sdf"
    SUBSYSTEM=="block"
    DRIVER==""
    ATTR{range}=="16"
    ATTR{ext_range}=="256"
    ATTR{removable}=="1"
    ATTR{ro}=="0"
    ATTR{size}=="15572992"
    ATTR{alignment_offset}=="0"
    ATTR{discard_alignment}=="0"
    ATTR{capability}=="51"
    ATTR{stat}=="      64       26      720      356        0        0        0        0        0      356      356"
    ATTR{inflight}=="       0        0"

  looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:0b.1/usb2/2-3/2-3.2/2-3.2:1.0/host21/target21:0:0/21:0:0:0':
    KERNELS=="21:0:0:0"
    SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi"
    DRIVERS=="sd"
    ATTRS{device_blocked}=="0"
    ATTRS{type}=="0"
    ATTRS{scsi_level}=="0"
    ATTRS{vendor}=="        "
    ATTRS{model}=="                "
    ATTRS{rev}=="    "
    ATTRS{state}=="running"
    ATTRS{timeout}=="30"
    ATTRS{iocounterbits}=="32"
    ATTRS{iorequest_cnt}=="0x20fc"
    ATTRS{iodone_cnt}=="0x20fc"
    ATTRS{ioerr_cnt}=="0x0"
    ATTRS{modalias}=="scsi:t-0x00"
    ATTRS{evt_media_change}=="0"
    ATTRS{queue_depth}=="1"
    ATTRS{queue_type}=="none"
    ATTRS{max_sectors}=="240"

  looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:0b.1/usb2/2-3/2-3.2/2-3.2:1.0/host21/target21:0:0':
    KERNELS=="target21:0:0"
    SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi"
    DRIVERS==""

  looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:0b.1/usb2/2-3/2-3.2/2-3.2:1.0/host21':
    KERNELS=="host21"
    SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi"
    DRIVERS==""

  looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:0b.1/usb2/2-3/2-3.2/2-3.2:1.0':
    KERNELS=="2-3.2:1.0"
    SUBSYSTEMS=="usb"
    DRIVERS=="usb-storage"
    ATTRS{bInterfaceNumber}=="00"
    ATTRS{bAlternateSetting}==" 0"
    ATTRS{bNumEndpoints}=="02"
    ATTRS{bInterfaceClass}=="08"
    ATTRS{bInterfaceSubClass}=="06"
    ATTRS{bInterfaceProtocol}=="50"
    ATTRS{modalias}=="usb:v0BB4p0C15d0000dc00dsc00dp00ic08isc06ip50"
    ATTRS{supports_autosuspend}=="1"

  looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:0b.1/usb2/2-3/2-3.2':
    KERNELS=="2-3.2"
    SUBSYSTEMS=="usb"
    DRIVERS=="usb"
    ATTRS{configuration}==""
    ATTRS{bNumInterfaces}==" 1"
    ATTRS{bConfigurationValue}=="1"
    ATTRS{bmAttributes}=="c0"
    ATTRS{bMaxPower}=="500mA"
    ATTRS{urbnum}=="16998"
    ATTRS{idVendor}=="0bb4"
    ATTRS{idProduct}=="0c15"
    ATTRS{bcdDevice}=="0000"
    ATTRS{bDeviceClass}=="00"
    ATTRS{bDeviceSubClass}=="00"
    ATTRS{bDeviceProtocol}=="00"
    ATTRS{bNumConfigurations}=="1"
    ATTRS{bMaxPacketSize0}=="64"
    ATTRS{speed}=="480"
    ATTRS{busnum}=="2"
    ATTRS{devnum}=="22"
    ATTRS{devpath}=="3.2"
    ATTRS{version}==" 2.00"
    ATTRS{maxchild}=="0"
    ATTRS{quirks}=="0x0"
    ATTRS{avoid_reset_quirk}=="0"
    ATTRS{authorized}=="1"
    ATTRS{manufacturer}=="HTC"
    ATTRS{product}=="Storage"
    ATTRS{serial}=="3fbf5000-7351-0801-3583-530114835680"

  looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:0b.1/usb2/2-3':
    KERNELS=="2-3"
    SUBSYSTEMS=="usb"
    DRIVERS=="usb"
    ATTRS{configuration}==""
    ATTRS{bNumInterfaces}==" 1"
    ATTRS{bConfigurationValue}=="1"
    ATTRS{bmAttributes}=="e0"
    ATTRS{bMaxPower}=="100mA"
    ATTRS{urbnum}=="480"
    ATTRS{idVendor}=="05e3"
    ATTRS{idProduct}=="0605"
    ATTRS{bcdDevice}=="060b"
    ATTRS{bDeviceClass}=="09"
    ATTRS{bDeviceSubClass}=="00"
    ATTRS{bDeviceProtocol}=="01"
    ATTRS{bNumConfigurations}=="1"
    ATTRS{bMaxPacketSize0}=="64"
    ATTRS{speed}=="480"
    ATTRS{busnum}=="2"
    ATTRS{devnum}=="2"
    ATTRS{devpath}=="3"
    ATTRS{version}==" 2.00"
    ATTRS{maxchild}=="4"
    ATTRS{quirks}=="0x0"
    ATTRS{avoid_reset_quirk}=="0"
    ATTRS{authorized}=="1"
    ATTRS{product}=="USB2.0 Hub"

  looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:0b.1/usb2':
    KERNELS=="usb2"
    SUBSYSTEMS=="usb"
    DRIVERS=="usb"
    ATTRS{configuration}==""
    ATTRS{bNumInterfaces}==" 1"
    ATTRS{bConfigurationValue}=="1"
    ATTRS{bmAttributes}=="e0"
    ATTRS{bMaxPower}=="  0mA"
    ATTRS{urbnum}=="36"
    ATTRS{idVendor}=="1d6b"
    ATTRS{idProduct}=="0002"
    ATTRS{bcdDevice}=="0206"
    ATTRS{bDeviceClass}=="09"
    ATTRS{bDeviceSubClass}=="00"
    ATTRS{bDeviceProtocol}=="00"
    ATTRS{bNumConfigurations}=="1"
    ATTRS{bMaxPacketSize0}=="64"
    ATTRS{speed}=="480"
    ATTRS{busnum}=="2"
    ATTRS{devnum}=="1"
    ATTRS{devpath}=="0"
    ATTRS{version}==" 2.00"
    ATTRS{maxchild}=="8"
    ATTRS{quirks}=="0x0"
    ATTRS{avoid_reset_quirk}=="0"
    ATTRS{authorized}=="1"
    ATTRS{manufacturer}=="Linux 2.6.37-rc6-sirmax1 ehci_hcd"
    ATTRS{product}=="EHCI Host Controller"
    ATTRS{serial}=="0000:00:0b.1"
    ATTRS{authorized_default}=="1"

  looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:0b.1':
    KERNELS=="0000:00:0b.1"
    SUBSYSTEMS=="pci"
    DRIVERS=="ehci_hcd"
    ATTRS{vendor}=="0x10de"
    ATTRS{device}=="0x026e"
    ATTRS{subsystem_vendor}=="0x1458"
    ATTRS{subsystem_device}=="0x5004"
    ATTRS{class}=="0x0c0320"
    ATTRS{irq}=="23"
    ATTRS{local_cpus}=="f"
    ATTRS{local_cpulist}=="0-3"
    ATTRS{modalias}=="pci:v000010DEd0000026Esv00001458sd00005004bc0Csc03i20"
    ATTRS{dma_mask_bits}=="32"
    ATTRS{consistent_dma_mask_bits}=="32"
    ATTRS{enable}=="1"
    ATTRS{broken_parity_status}=="0"
    ATTRS{msi_bus}==""
    ATTRS{companion}==""

  looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00':
    KERNELS=="pci0000:00"
    SUBSYSTEMS==""
    DRIVERS==""

При подключении 

13:58:38-root@sirmax:/etc/udev#cat /var/log/messages  | grep udev-flash-mount.sh
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: ID_USB_DRIVER=usb-storage
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: ID_MODEL=Storage
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: ID_MODEL_ENC=Storage
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: ID_REVISION=0000
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: DEVTYPE=disk
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: UDISKS_PARTITION_TABLE=1
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: ID_BUS=usb
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: SUBSYSTEM=block
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: ID_SERIAL=HTC_Storage_3fbf5000-7351-0801-3583-530114835680-0:0
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: DEVPATH=/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:0b.1/usb2/2-3/2-3.2/2-3.2:1.0/host26/target26:0:0/26:0:0:0/block/sdf
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: ID_MODEL_ID=0c15
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: ID_VENDOR_ENC=HTC
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: UDISKS_PARTITION_TABLE_SCHEME=mbr
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: MINOR=80
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: ACTION=add
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: UDISKS_PARTITION_TABLE_COUNT=1
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: PWD=/
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: UDEV_LOG=3
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: MAJOR=8
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: DEVLINKS=/dev/block/8:80 /dev/disk/by-id/usb-HTC_Storage_3fbf5000-7351-0801-3583-530114835680-0:0 /dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:0b.1-usb-0:3.2:1.0-scsi-0:0:0:0
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: ID_VENDOR_ID=0bb4
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: DEVNAME=/dev/sdf
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: SHLVL=1
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: ID_TYPE=disk
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: ID_PART_TABLE_TYPE=dos
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: UDISKS_PRESENTATION_NOPOLICY=0
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: ID_INSTANCE=0:0
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: ID_VENDOR=HTC
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: ID_USB_INTERFACE_NUM=00
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: ID_SERIAL_SHORT=3fbf5000-7351-0801-3583-530114835680
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: ID_PATH=pci-0000:00:0b.1-usb-0:3.2:1.0-scsi-0:0:0:0
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: ID_USB_INTERFACES=:080650:
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: SEQNUM=1823
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: _=/usr/bin/env
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: add sdf
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: ID_USB_DRIVER=usb-storage
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: ID_MODEL=Storage
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: ID_MODEL_ENC=Storage
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: ID_REVISION=0000
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: DEVTYPE=partition
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: ID_FS_LABEL=MOBILE
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: ID_BUS=usb
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: ID_FS_LABEL_ENC=MOBILE
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: SUBSYSTEM=block
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: ID_SERIAL=HTC_Storage_3fbf5000-7351-0801-3583-530114835680-0:0
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: ID_FS_UUID=A08C-E85D
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: UDISKS_PARTITION_OFFSET=4194304
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: DEVPATH=/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:0b.1/usb2/2-3/2-3.2/2-3.2:1.0/host26/target26:0:0/26:0:0:0/block/sdf/sdf1
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: ID_MODEL_ID=0c15
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: ID_VENDOR_ENC=HTC
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: UDISKS_PARTITION_NUMBER=1
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: ID_FS_VERSION=FAT32
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: MINOR=81
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: ACTION=add
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: PWD=/
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: UDEV_LOG=3
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: UDISKS_PARTITION_ALIGNMENT_OFFSET=0
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: ID_FS_TYPE=vfat
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: MAJOR=8
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: DEVLINKS=/dev/block/8:81 /dev/disk/by-id/usb-HTC_Storage_3fbf5000-7351-0801-3583-530114835680-0:0-part1 /dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:0b.1-usb-0:3.2:1.0-scsi-0:0:0:0-part1 /dev/disk/by-uuid/A08C-E85D /dev/disk/by-label/MOBILE
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: ID_VENDOR_ID=0bb4
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: DEVNAME=/dev/sdf1
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: SHLVL=1
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: ID_FS_USAGE=filesystem
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: ID_TYPE=disk
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: ID_PART_TABLE_TYPE=dos
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: UDISKS_PRESENTATION_NOPOLICY=0
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: UDISKS_PARTITION_SIZE=7969177600
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: ID_FS_UUID_ENC=A08C-E85D
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: UDISKS_PARTITION_SCHEME=mbr
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: UDISKS_PARTITION_TYPE=0x0b
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: UDISKS_PARTITION=1
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: ID_INSTANCE=0:0
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: ID_VENDOR=HTC
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: ID_USB_INTERFACE_NUM=00
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: ID_SERIAL_SHORT=3fbf5000-7351-0801-3583-530114835680
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: UDISKS_PARTITION_SLAVE=/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:0b.1/usb2/2-3/2-3.2/2-3.2:1.0/host26/target26:0:0/26:0:0:0/block/sdf
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: ID_PATH=pci-0000:00:0b.1-usb-0:3.2:1.0-scsi-0:0:0:0
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: ID_USB_INTERFACES=:080650:
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: SEQNUM=1824
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: _=/usr/bin/env
Mar  5 13:58:28 sirmax [udev-flash-mount.sh]: add sdf1
Источник — https://noname.com.ua/mediawiki/index.php?title=Udev&oldid=3209